Time of exclusive nasal respiration and quality of life related with nasal obstruction

Objectivos: Verificar se havia correlação entre o tempo de respiração exclusivamente nasal (TREN), sem desconforto para o paciente, e os resultados da escala NOSE (Nasal Obtruction Symptom Evaluation) antes e após septoplastia associada ou não a cornectomia. Desenho do estudo: Estudo prospectivo observacional. Material e Métodos: Pacientes com desvio do septo nasal completaram a escala NOSE e fizeram o teste TREN, antes e 1, 3 e 6 meses após septoplastia, associada ou não a cornectomia parcial inferior bilateral. Resultados: Cinquenta e sete doentes foram submetidos a cirurgia. Houve uma melhoria do resultado NOSE médio pré-operatório para o resultado NOSE um mês após cirurgia (57,2 vs. 15,9; p60s/40,0; p60s/12.5; p<0,0001) obtiveram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas que também se verificaram aos 3 e 6 meses de follow-up. Conclusões: O teste TREN trata-se de um teste simples, rápido e barato, cujos resultados estão relacionados com os resultados NOSE, antes e após a septoplastia, constituindo assim uma medida promissora na avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a obstrução nasal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First report of a linezolid-resistant MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from a dog with a severe bilateral otitis in Portugal

The widespread use of antimicrobials has lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria to one or more antibiotic, including new drugs like linezolid. This antimicrobial is the first of the oxazolidinone group and soon after its approval in 2000, linezolid-resistant MRSA and linezolid vancomycin-resistant enterococci have emerged. Several outbreaks of linezolid-resistant MRSA have been reported worldwide but, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a linezolid-resistant MRSA isolated from a dog in Portugal. The animal arrived at the Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Lisboa with a severe bilateral otitis that was refractory to antibiotic therapy. Bacteriology showed that the infection was caused by a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain that also phenotipically expressed other virulence factors. Besides the challenge to practitioners, the isolation of this strain is of pub­lic health concern due to its antimicrobial resistant profile.

Combinatory approach for developing silk fibroin-based scaffolds with hierarchical porosity and enhanced performance for cartilage tissue engineering applications

Introduction: The combination of several processing technologies can open the possibility for producing scaffolds with superior performance for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Hydrogels are structurally similar to the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment presenting high elasticity and resistance to compression forces. They have been extensively used in biomedical devices fabrication and for TE applications, including for cartilage defects repair[1]. Recently, it was found that proteins like silk fibroin (SF), presenting tyrosine groups can be used to prepare fast formed hydrogels with controlled gelation properties, via an enzyme-mediated cross-linking reaction using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)[2],[3]. Moreover, the high versatility, processability and tailored mechanical properties of SF, make this natural polymer attractive for the development of innovative scaffolding strategies for cartilage TE applications[4],[5]. Materials and Methods: The present work proposes a novel route for developing SF-based scaffolds derived from high- concentrated SF (16wt%) enzymatically cross-linked by a HRP/H2O2 complex. The combination of salt-leaching and freeze-drying methodologies was used to prepare macro/microporous SF scaffolds with an interconnected structure and specific features regarding biodegradation and mechanical properties (Fig. 1a). The scaffolds morphology and porosity were analyzed by SEM and micro-CT. The mechanical properties (Instron) and protein conformation (FTIR, XRD) were also assessed. In order to evaluate the scaffolds structural integrity, swelling ratio and degradation profile studies were performed for a period of 30 day. This work also aims to evaluate the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation response by culturing human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) over 21 days in basal and chondrogenic conditions. Cell behaviour in the presence of the macro/microporous structures will be evaluated through different quantitative (Live/Dead, DNA, GAGs, RT PCR) and qualitative (SEM, histology, immunocytochemistry) assays. Results and Discussion: The macro/microporous SF scaffolds showed high porosity and interconnectivity with the trabecular structures evenly distributed (Fig. 1b,c). A dramatic decrease of compressive modulus was observed for samples in hydrated state. Chemical analysis revealed that SF scaffolds displayed the characteristic peaks for β-sheet conformation. Swelling ratio data demonstrated a large swelling capacity, maintaining their structural integrity for 30 days. As expected, when immersed in protease XIV the degradation rate of SF scaffolds increased. Based on the promising morphology and physicochemical properties of the developed SF scaffolds, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation studies with hASCs are envisioned in order to validate their performance for cartilage regeneration applications. Conclusion: This study proposes an innovative approach to produce fast-formed porous SF scaffolds using enzymatically cross- linked SF hydrogels structured by the combination of salt-leaching and freeze-drying methodologies. The obtained results can provide a valuable reference of SF as a tunable and versatile biomaterial with great potential for applications in cartilage TE scaffolding. Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) project PEst-C/SAU/LA0026/201; ERDP funding through POCTEP Project 0687_NOVOMAR_1_P; Investigator FCT program IF/00423/2012 and IF/00411/2013 References: [1] Xia, L.-W., R. Xie, X.-J. Ju, W. Wang, Q. Chen, and L.-Y. Chu, Nano-structured smart hydrogels with rapid response and high elasticity. Nature communications, 2013. 4. [2] Sofia, S.J., A. Singh, and D.L. Kaplan, Peroxidase-catalyzed crosslinking of functionalized polyaspartic acid polymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 2002. 39(10): p. 1151-1181. [3] Reis, R.L., L.-P. Yan, A.L. Oliveira, J.M. Oliveira, D.R. Pereira, C. Correia, and R.A. Sousa, Hydrogels derived from silk fibroin: Methods and uses thereof. 2014. 107426. [4] Chen, C.-H., J.M.-J. Liu, C.-K. Chua, S.-M. Chou, V.B.-H. Shyu, and J.-P. Chen, Cartilage tissue engineering with silk fibroin scaffolds fabricated by indirect additive manufacturing technology. Materials, 2014. 7(3): p. 2104-2119. [5] Yan, L.-P., J.M. Oliveira, A.L. Oliveira, S.G. Caridade, J.F. Mano, and R.L. Reis, Macro/microporous silk fibroin scaffolds with potential for articular cartilage and meniscus tissue engineering applications. Acta biomaterialia, 2012. 8(1): p. 289-301.Â

Rooting Pattern Distribution and Spatial Variability of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) in a Mediterranean Region

It is estimated that less than 10% of the studies on pastures and forages have evaluated the subterranean biomass production. The objective of this study was to evaluate for a Mediterranean region the rooting characteristics and spatial variability of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) under two different soil water status conditions

Political connections and corporate social responsibility reporting in Portugal

This paper examines the relation between firms’ political connections and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in Portugal. We argue that in settings where the existence of political connections are viewed as damaging collective interests of stakeholders, political connected firms can deal with legitimacy issues from such connections by resorting to CSR practices and the reporting thereof. Using archival data from a panel sample of 36 firms from Portugal between 2009 and 2012, we examine the relation between political connections and CSR reporting by way of regression analysis. We find a positive relation between political connections and CSR reporting. This study draws on legitimacy theory to highlight that CSR can be used to deal with stakeholder activism and vigilance pertaining to suspicion related to the existence of political connections.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Virulence factors of non-Candida albicans Candida species

Infections caused by Candida species (candidosis) have greatly increased over recent years, mainly due to the escalation of the AIDS epidemic, population ageing, increasing number of immunocompromised patients and the more widespread use of indwelling medical devices. Besides Candida albicans, non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species such as Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis are now frequently identified as potential human pathogens. Candida species pathogenicity is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, most importantly adherence to medical devices and/or host cells, biofilm formation, and secretion of enzymes, such as proteases. Thus, we have been studying several of the most relevant virulence factors (adhesion, biofilm formation ability, tissue colonisation and invasion, expression of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal agents susceptibility) of Candida clinical isolates recovered from different body sites (oral cavity and urinary and vaginal tracts). In summary, this presentation underlines both species and strain differences in terms of virulence factors associated with C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Furthermore, there is clear evidence demonstrating the importance of the use of new techniques including Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and molecular analysis tools enabling the elucidation of the mechanisms of virulence. By increasing our knowledge on Candida pathogenesis, new potential therapeutic targets may be identified that can be used as adjuvants for novel therapies

Current status of the whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus as an invasive pest in the CapeVerte Islands

In the last three decades, the spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) has become an important international pest. The movement of plants and parts of plants (such as fruits) in international trade and tourism, and by natural dispersal, has favoured its introduction to new areas. In common with others whiteflies of economic importance, the immature and adult stages cause direct feeding damage by piercing and sucking of sap from foliage, and indirect damage following the accumulation all over host plants of honeydew and waxy flocculent material produced by the insects. Spiralling whitefly is a pest of tropical and subtropical crops, and highly polyphagous. Up to the 1970s, it had been recorded on 44 genera of plants, belonging to 26 botanical families (Mound & Halsey, 1978). This situation changed with the dispersal of the pest to new areas. Nowadays, the spiralling whitefly is one of the major pest of vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops around the globe (Lambkin, 1999). Important host crops include: banana (Musa sapientum), Citrus spp., coconut (Cocos nocifera), eggplant (Solanum melanogena), guava (Psidium guajava), Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Indian almond (Terminalia catappa), papya (Carica papaya), Rosa sp. and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Saminathan & Jayaraj, 2001). Spiralling whitefly has its origin in the tropical Americas, including Brazil. Although the pest has been recorded only once in Brasil, in the 1920s in the state of Bahia (Bondar, 1923), it now has official quarantine status because of its economic importance. In the Cape Verte Islands, on the West African coast, the pest was initially introduced in the first half of 2000; it has since become established, reaching urban, natural and agricultural areas of the islands that constitute the archipelago. Since then, the pest has been causing damage to many native plants, ornamentals and cultivated food crops (Anon., 2001; Monteiro, 2004). The present study was done in order to produce an inventory of the most common host plants of spiralling whitefly in this new habitat